(a)

(b)

(i) Process K: Transcription.

(ii) Molecule L: Messenger RNA.

(iii) UGCACGACU

(iv) Nuclear pore.

(v)

1. Structure M: Ribosome.
2. Main molecule: Ribosomal RNA or Protein

(vi) Events: (Include as many of these steps as possible.)

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in a ribosome attaches to the start codon of messenger RNA (mRNA).
• The two mRNA codons inside the ribosome offer two binding sites for the transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules circulating in the cytoplasm.
• Two tRNAs with complementary anticodons bind to these sites.
• Their adjacent amino acids bind together.
• These tRNAs detach from their amino acids and from the mRNA, and pull it through the ribosome.
• Two new codons offer new binding sites until they are all filled.
• The protein detaches from the ribosome and folds into its three-dimensional shape.

(c)

(i) Allele: an alternate form of the same gene.

Homozygous: the two alleles for a characteristic are the same, for example, (TT or tt).

(ii)

(iii)